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For millennia, Jerusalem has been an important city, often commanding the attention of much of the world, and the city figures prominently in both biblical history and biblical prophecy. Jerusalem is central to many important events in the Bible.
The city of Jerusalem is situated on the edge of one of the highest tablelands in Israel, south of the center of the country, about thirty-seven miles east of the Mediterranean Sea and about twenty-four miles west of the Jordan River. Its situation, lined on two sides by deep ravines, provides a natural defense for the city. Jerusalem is called by various names in Scripture: “Salem,” “Ariel,” “Jebus,” the “city of God,” the “holy city,” the “city of David,” and “Zion.” Jerusalem itself means “possession of peace.”
JERUSALEM IN PROPHECY
The Bible predicted that the Jewish people would return to Israel, and Jerusalem figures prominently in prophecies concerning the end times (Joel 3:1; Jeremiah 23:3, 30:7; Ezekiel 11:17, 37:1–14). Someday, the Jewish temple will be rebuilt in the Holy City (Daniel 9:27, 12:11; Matthew 24:15; 2 Thessalonians 2:3–4).
THE MILLENNIAL KINGDOM
During the Millennial Kingdom, the Lord Jesus Christ will reign over the Earth from Zion, and the nations will come to Jerusalem for instruction and blessing (Isaiah 2:2–4, 35:10; Psalm 102:20–22; Revelation 20).
Until that day comes, we are commanded by God to “pray for the peace of Jerusalem” (Psalm 122:6). (a)
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Below is a brief timeline of selected biblical events related to Jerusalem, which were excerpted from the chronological chart of noted sieges & attacks that took place upon the city throughout the ages:
2084 BC The initial Old Testament reference to Jerusalem comes after Abram rescued his nephew, Lot, at the Battle of Siddim. In the account, Abram meets with Melchizedek, King of Salem (Genesis 14:1-24).
1374 BC Fast forward about 700 years to after the Twelve Tribes of Israel reached the Promised Land of Canaan. Here, the men of Judah attacked Jebus and put the city to the sword and set it on fire (Judges 1:1-36).
1003 BC King David led the Israelites in capturing Jebus from the Jebusites, a Canaanite tribe. They rename it Jerusalem and make it the capital city of the United Monarchy of Israel (2 Samuel 5:6-10; 1 Chronicles 11:4-9).
966 BC King Solomon begins construction of the First Temple and his palace in Jerusalem (1 Kings 6:1-7:51, 2 Chronicles 3:1-2).
586 BC Led by their king, Nebuchadnezzar II, the Babylonians complete a three year siege upon Jerusalem by looting and destroying the Temple. Israelites are either killed or forced into Babylonian Exile (2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:15-23; Jeremiah 39; ref prophecy in Jeremiah 25:11; 29:10).
516 BC Returning to their ancestral land, a group of Israelites complete construction of the Second Temple (Ezra 6:15). Prophecies fulfilled: 2 Chronicles 36:21; Jeremiah 25:11-12, 29:10-14; Daniel 9:2.
445 BC The Prophet Nehemiah goes to Jerusalem and rebuilds the walls around the city in 52 days (Nehemiah 6:15).
167 BC Antiochus IV (Epiphanes), King of the Seleucid Empire, massacres thousands of Judeans and desecrates the Second Temple by sacrificing pigs within its sacred walls and erecting an altar to Zeus (non-biblical/explore www.marionmannaproject.com/seleucid-empire).
70 BC The Roman Empire, under General Titus (future Emperor), destroys Jerusalem and the Second Temple (prophecy of Jesus fulfilled/Matthew 24:1-14; Luke 21:5-38).
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YEAR & EVENT LINK |
EVENT DESCRIPTION & SOURCE LINKS |
1374 BC Campaigns for Canaan (1) |
The men of Judah (2) attacked Jebus (Jerusalem (3)) also and took it. They put the city to the sword and set it on fire (Judges 1:1-36). |
1003 BC Siege of Jebus (4) |
The Israelites (5) capture the city of Jebus from the Jebusites (6) (Canaanite tribe). They rename it Jerusalem (3) and make it their capital city (2 Samuel 5:6-10; 1 Chronicles 11:4-9). |
926 BC Sack of Jerusalem (7) |
Shishak (8), Pharaoh of Egypt (9), attacks Jerusalem (3) & loots the Temple (10) & Palace (1 Kings 14:25-29; 2 Chronicles 12:2-9). |
844 BC Battle of Jerusalem (11) |
The LORD (12) raises up the Arabs (13) & Philistines (14) to attack Jerusalem (3). They loot the Palace and carry off King Jehoram's (16) wives & sons, except Ahaziah (17) (2 Chronicles 21:16-17). |
804 BC Jerusalem Invaded (18) |
Aram-Damascus (19) marches against Jerusalem (3) and kills all the leaders of the people. The Palace & Temple (10) are looted (2 Kings 12:17-18; 2 Chronicles 24:23). |
796 BC Jerusalem Invaded (20) |
Jehoash (21), King of Israel (22), captures Amaziah (23), King of Judah (24), in Battle of Beth Shemesh (25). Jehoash invades Jerusalem (3), looting the Temple (10) and the Palace (2 Kings 14:8-14; 2 Chronicles 25:17-24). |
732 BC Siege of Jerusalem (26) |
Rezin (27), King of Aram-Damascus (28), and Pekah (29), King of Israel (22), go to war against Ahaz (30), King of Judah (24) (a vassal of Assyria). Ahaz asks the King of Assyria (31), Tiglath-Pileser III (32), to save him. Ahaz pays heavy tribute to Assyria, who saves Judah (33) (2 Kings 16; 2 Chronicles 28). |
701 BC Siege of Jerusalem (34) |
Sennacherib (35), King of Assyria (31), lays siege to Jerusalem (3); Hezekiah (36), King of Judah (24), pays tribute but Sennacherib continues siege. Isaiah (37) prophesies. Angel of the Lord (38) slays 185,000 Assyrians (39); Sennacherib withdraws (2 Kings 18:13-19:36; 2 Chronicles 32:1-23; Isaiah 36:1-37:37; prophecy of Isaiah 36 fulfilled). |
605 BC Siege of Jerusalem (40) |
First Siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II (41), King of Babylon (42). Daniel (43) & others taken captive as the Babylonian Exile (44) begins (Daniel 1:1-6; 2 Kings 24:1-2). |
597 BC Siege of Jerusalem (45) |
Second Siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II (41), King of Babylon (42). Babylonian Exile (44) continues (2 Kings 24:8-17; 2 Chronicles 36:9-10) as Jehoiachin (46), King of Judah (24), Ezekiel (47) & others are taken captive (prophecy fulfilled Jeremiah 22:24-30). |
589 BC Siege of Jerusalem (48) |
Third Siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II (41), King of Babylon (42) begins and lasts 3 years (2 Kings 25:1-21; Jeremiah 39). Prophecy fulfilled (Ezekiel 24). |
586 BC Fall of Jerusalem (49) |
Led by Nebuchadnezzar II (41), the Babylonians (50) conquer the Southern Kingdom of Judah (33). Jerusalem (3) is sacked and pillaged. The Temple (10) is destroyed by fire. The remaining citizens of Judah are forced into Babylonian Exile (44) or killed (2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:15-23; Jeremiah 39; ref prophecy in Jeremiah 25:11; 29:10). |
320 BC Jerusalem Invaded (51) |
Ptolemy I (Soter) (52), King of Egypt (9), directs the seizing of Jerusalem (3) by deception on the Sabbath (53) - a day on which the Jews did not fight. More than 100,000 captives were taken to Egypt (54) (Non-Biblical). |
198 BC Jerusalem Invaded (55) |
Antiochus III (the Great) (56), King of the Seleucid Empire (57), defeated Scopas at the Battle of Panium (5th Syrian War), marking the end of Ptolemaic (Egyptian) rule (9) in Judea (58) (Non-Biblical). |
168 BC Jerusalem Invaded (59) |
Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) (60), King of the Seleucid Empire (57), massacres thousands of Judeans (58) and desecrates the Second Temple (61) by sacrificing pigs within its sacred walls and erecting an altar to Zeus (Non-Biblical). |
162 BC Jerusalem Invaded (62) |
Antiochus V (Eupator) (63), the 9 year old King of the Seleucid Empire (57), and his regent, Lysias, offer peace to quell the Maccabean Revolt (62), but Seleucid forces then destroy the walls around Jerusalem (3) to prevent Judean rebels (58) from further revolts (Non-Biblical). |
134 BC Siege of Jerusalem (64) |
Antiochus VII (Sidetes) (65), King of the Seleucid Empire (57), invades and besieges Jerusalem (3). After a payoff, he recognizes John Hyrcanus (66) as High Priest (67) and does not interfere with Jewish religious practices (Non-Biblical). |
63 BC Siege of Jerusalem (68) |
The Roman Republic (69) lays siege to Jerusalem (3). The Roman victory ends Jewish independence as Judea (58) becomes a client kingdom of Rome (Non-Biblical). |
37 BC Siege of Jerusalem (70) |
While serving as Governor, Herod the Great (71) is chased out of Judea (58) by the Parthians (72). He goes to Rome (73) seeking help and returns with Roman soldiers who conquer Jerusalem (3), allowing Herod to become Rome's client king of Judea (Non-Biblical). |
70 AD Fall of Jerusalem (74) |
The Roman Empire (72), under General Titus (75) (future Emperor (76)), destroys Jerusalem (3) and the Second Temple (61) (prophecy of Jesus (77) fulfilled/Matthew 24:1-14; Luke 21:5-38) (Non-Biblical). |
135 AD Battle for Jerusalem (78) |
During the Third Jewish-Roman War (132 AD- 135 AD), Simon Bar Kokhba (79) led a revolt that took control of Jerusalem (3). Ultimately, the Roman Empire (72) regained their footing and recaptured the city, crushing the revolt (Non-Biblical). |
Editor's Note | Moving forward, Jerusalem (3) was invaded/attacked numerous times throughout the centuries to come. |
TBD Day of the Lord (80) |
Prophecy: The Lord of lords (81) returns and reigns (Zechariah 14). |
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The narrative (a) offered herein has been published with permission (b) and no monetary gain is being sought. Any footnotes within the narrative have been inserted by The Marion County Manna Project and re-direct to our webpages (unless otherwise noted) for additional spiritual insight and reflection.
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If you're seeking additional info about Christianity on a more personal level, consider visiting a Christian Church here in Marion County (82). Introduce yourself to members and ask to speak with someone to learn more about Jesus. Surrendering your life to Christ (83) (c) is the most rewarding, everlasting decision you'll ever make, and it's comforting to have someone guide you as you begin your new life as a child of the Most High! May God shower you with great favor in this endeavor!
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Footnotes, Page Credits and External Resources appear below. Consider printing and sharing the offered PDF narrative and other listed resources with family, friends and strangers alike for use in Bible Studies (84), Home/Church Faith Sharing Groups (85), Discipleship Encounters (86) and/or Personal Faith Enrichment!
Modifications are welcome at goodnews@marionmannaproject.com.
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FOOTNOTES:
(1) https://marionmannaproject.com/campaigns-for-canaan
(2) https://marionmannaproject.com/judah-2
(3) https://marionmannaproject.com/jerusalem
(4) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jebus
(5) https://marionmannaproject.com/Israelites
(6) https://marionmannaproject.com/jebusites
(7) https://marionmannaproject.com/sack-of-jerusalem
(8) https://marionmannaproject.com/Shishak
(9) https://marionmannaproject.com/kings-of-egypt
(10) https://marionmannaproject.com/temple-first
(11) https://marionmannaproject.com/battle-of-jerusalem
(12) https://marionmannaproject.com/God-of-the-Bible
(13) https://marionmannaproject.com/Arabs
(14) https://marionmannaproject.com/philistines
(15) blank
(16) https://marionmannaproject.com/jehoram
(17) https://marionmannaproject.com/Ahaziah
(18) https://marionmannaproject.com/jerusalem-invaded-804
(19) https://marionmannaproject.com/Aram-Damascus
(20) https://marionmannaproject.com/jerusalem-invaded-796
(21) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/jehoash
(22) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/kings-of-israel
(23) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/Amaziah
(24) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/kings-of-judah
(25) https://marionmannaproject.com/battle-of-beth-shemesh
(26) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jerusalem-732
(27) https://marionmannaproject.com/rezin
(28) https://marionmannaproject.com/kings-of-aram-damascus
(29) https://marionmannaproject.com/pekah
(30) https://marionmannaproject.com/ahaz
(31) https://marionmannaproject.com/kings-of-assyria
(32) https://marionmannaproject.com/tiglath-pileser-iii
(33) https://marionmannaproject.com/southern-kingdom-of-judah
(34) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jerusalem-701
(35) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/sennacherib
(36) https://marionmannaproject.com/Hezekiah
(37) https://marionmannaproject.com/Isaiah-1
(38) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/angel-of-the-lord
(39) https://marionmannaproject.com/Assyrians
(40) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jerusalem-605
(41) https://marionmannaproject.com/nebuchadnezzar
(42) https://marionmannaproject.com/kings-of-babylon
(43) https://marionmannaproject.com/Daniel-1
(44) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/exile
(45) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jerusalem-597
(46) https://marionmannaproject.com/Jehoiachin
(47) https://marionmannaproject.com/Ezekiel-1
(48) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jerusalem-589
(49) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/judah-exiled-into-babylon
(50) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/babylonians
(51) https://marionmannaproject.com/jerusalem-invaded-320
(52) https://marionmannaproject.com/ptolemy-i-soter
(53) https://marionmannaproject.com/sabbath
(54) https://marionmannaproject.com/egypt
(55) https://marionmannaproject.com/jerusalem-invaded-198
(56) https://marionmannaproject.com/antiochus-iii-the-great
(57) https://marionmannaproject.com/kings-of-seleucid-empire
(58) https://marionmannaproject.com/judean-rebels
(59) https://marionmannaproject.com/jerusalem-invaded-168
(60) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/antiochus-iv-epiphanes
(61) https://marionmannaproject.com/temple-second
(62) https://marionmannaproject.com/maccabean-revolt
(63) https://marionmannaproject.com/antiochus-v-eupator
(64) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jerusalem-134
(65) https://marionmannaproject.com/antiochus-vii-sidetes
(66) https://marionmannaproject.com/john-hyrcanus
(67) https://marionmannaproject.com/High-Priest
(68) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jerusalem-63
(69) https://marionmannaproject.com/romans-1
(70) https://marionmannaproject.com/siege-of-jerusalem-37
(71) https://marionmannaproject.com/herod
(72) https://marionmannaproject.com/parthians
(73) https://marionmannaproject.com/rome
(74) https://marionmannaproject.com/fall-of-jerusalem-70-ad
(75) https://marionmannaproject.com/titus-roman-emperor
(76) https://marionmannaproject.com/emperors-of-rome
(77) https://marionmannaproject.com/jesus-ot-prophecies
(78) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/third-jewish-roman-war
(79) https://marionmannaproject.com/simon-bar-kokhba
(80) https://marionmannaproject.com/day-of-the-lord
(81) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/Jesus-Christ
(82) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/listing-by-city
(83) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/the-gracious-visitor
(84) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/bible-studies
(85) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/christian-education
(86) https://www.marionmannaproject.com/discipleship
PAGE CREDITS:
(a) What is the Significance of the city of Jerusalem?, accessed September 18, 2020
https://www.gotquestions.org/city-of-Jerusalem.html
(b) Copyright Policy, Got Questions Ministries, accessed January 11, 2020 https://www.gotquestions.org/about.html
EXTERNAL RESOURCES:
(c) How Do I Convert to Christianity?, Got Questions Ministries, accessed January 12, 2020 https://www.gotquestions.org/convert-to-Christianity.html
(d) Bible Gateway, New International Version (NIV) Bible, accessed September 18, 2020
https://www.biblegateway.com/